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INFORMATION:
(check out FCC/NTIA restrictions on GPR)
(New NTIA UWB publications January 2001)
FCC/NTIA/IRAC/FDA/OSHA
Ground penetrating radar
(GPR, sometimes called ground probing radar, georadar or earth sounding radar or
"radar terrestre penetrant") is a noninvasive electromagnetic geophysical
technique for subsurface exploration, characterization and monitoring (history). It is widely used in locating lost utilities,
environmental site characterization and monitoring, agriculture, archaeological and
forensic investigation, unexploded ordnance and land mine detection, groundwater, pavement
and infrastructure characterization, mining, ice sounding, permafrost, void and tunnel
detection, sinkholes, subsidence, karst, and a host of other applications.
It may be deployed from the surface by hand or vehicle, in boreholes, between boreholes, from aircraft
and from satellites. It has the highest resolution of any
geophysical method for imaging the subsurface, with centimeter scale resolution sometimes
possible.
Resolution is controlled by
wavelength of the propagating electromagnetic
wave in the ground. Resolution increases with increasing frequency (shorter
wavelength). Depth of investigation varies
from less than one meter in mineralogical clay soils like montmorillonite to more than
5,400 meters in polar ice. Depth of investigation increases with decreasing
frequency but with decreasing resolution. Typical depths of investigation in
fresh-water saturated, clay-free sands are about 30 meters. Depths of investigation
(and resolution) are controlled by electrical properties
through conduction losses, dielectric relaxation in water, electrochemical reactions at
the mineralogical clay-water interface, scattering losses, and
(rarely) magnetic relaxation losses in iron bearing
minerals. Scattering losses are the result of spatial scales of heterogeneity approaching the size of the wavelength in the ground
(like the difference between an ice cube and a snowball in scattering visible
light). Detectability of objects in the
ground depends upon their size, shape, and orientation relative to the antenna, contrast with the host medium, as well as
radiofrequency noise and interferences.
This is representative but greatly oversimplified: see tutorial.
GRORADAR™ data processing, modeling and display software.
Library, Bibliographic and Data Search Links
Search "ground penetrating radar", "georadar" or
"ground probing radar" on:
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Websites
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UXO/Countermine Forum
9-12 April 2001 New Orleans, Louisiana USA
Fourth
International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist
Substances
13-16 May 2001 Weimar, Germany
Conference on the Geophysical Detection of Subsurface Water on Mars
6-10 August 2001 Houston, TX, USA
Ground
Penetrating Radar (GPR) in Sediments
Applications and Interpretation
20-21 August 2001 London, UK
Information on the next sequences of the above conferences will be updated as soon as available.
Society of Exploration
Geophysicists
Annual Meeting 9-14 September 2001 San Antonio, Texas USA
(10-15 October 2004 Denver)
Remote
Sensing by Low-Frequency Radars
20-21 September 2001 Naples, Italy
Damage
Prevention Convention
28-30 November 2001 Dallas, Texas USA
National Pavement
Expo
30 Jan - 2 Feb 2002 Nashville, TN USA
Environmental and Engineering
Geophysical Society
Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to
Engineering and Environmental Problems
SAGEEP 2002 10-13 February 2002 Las Vegas, Nevada USA
Call for Papers 27 July 2001 extended abstract deadline
Applied Computational
Electromagnetics Society
18-22 March 2002 Monterey, California, USA
IEEE Radar
Conference
22-25 April 2002 Long Beach, CA USA
GPR2002
9th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar
April 29 to May 2, 2002 Santa Barbara, California USA
Steve Koppenjan, General Chair
12 October 2001 abstract deadline
IGARSS International Geoscience and
Remote Sensing Symposium
24-28 June 2002 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
International
Conference on Subsurface and Surface Sensing and Imaging Technologies and Applications
7-11 July 2002 Seattle, Washington USA
GRORADAR™ Contact Information:
Postal address: P.O. Box 1520, Golden, CO 80402-1520 USA
Shipping: 1818 Smith
Road, Golden, CO 80401-1756 USA
Phone:
303-279-7932 Fax: 303-273--9202
Email: golhoeft@g-p-r.com Resume and Publications of Gary R. Olhoeft