Historical background of oilfield well logging

Well logging was started in the early 1900’s by two brothers, Conrad and Marcel Schlumberger. The earliest logs originally started from electrical resistance measurements of rocks; these laboratory measurements were then applied to the Borehole.

The first resistivity log was run in Alsace, France in 1927.

The first electrical log in the U.S. was run by Shell Oil in 1929.

The first radiation based logs appeared in 1935 giving a measure of shale content.

Bicron is the industry leader in ruggedized radiation detector solutions. Built into each Bicron detector is the expertise and experience required to meet both present and future industry demands for reliable performance under extreme environments. Detectors designed for operation in a laboratory environment incorporate static principles. On the other hand, a complex set of dynamic engineering principles is used in the design of Bicron Geoline detectors to assure that they meet both mechanical survivability and performance specifications demanded by the Logging Service Industry.

Each gamma ray tool requires a custom detector design. The fundamental elements of a downhole device must take into account the following considerations:

  • operating temperature
  • gross counting vs. spectral measurement
  • energy of interest
  • dimensional constraints

To design an optimal tool for your application, the following must be considered:

  • scintillator characteristics
  • photomultiplier tube specifications
  • housing material characteristics and space constraints
  • environmental constraints on survivability and performance

 

Survivability and Performance

Bicron offers two different packaging design technologies for its ruggedized detectors. The glass-to-metal or soldered eyelet seal, combined with the all-welded package construction, constitutes the basis for Geoline survivability. Both designs provide detectors with the strongest, most reliable hermetic seals possible. Bicron seals withstand temperature extremes and cycling stresses that eventually cause both epoxy and other seals to fail. Sodium iodide (the principal scintillator in Wireline and MWD applications) is a brittle, reactive material sensitive to thermal shock. By placing the crystal under substantial compression in the Geoline package, BICRON assures the survival of the sodium iodide crystal at the limits of Wireline and MWD shock and vibration. (Note: Bicron also provides CsI(Na), BGO, and other scintillator materials to the Logging Industry.) Bicron's MWD detector technology incorporates all the dynamic design considerations of our ruggedized detectors with the advantages of an integrated photomultiplier tube and engineered design, thus allowing for unmatched survivability and performance of a fully functioning gamma ray detector system.

 

Wireline Detector Specifications
Survivability:
• temperature: -55°C to 175°C
• shock: 100 to 1000g, 1ms 1/2 sine, 3 shocks/axis
• vibration: 20grms 50 to 2000Hz
No Performance Specification under shock and vibration conditions

MWD Detector Specifications
Survivability:
• temperature: -55°C to 175°C
• shock: 100g 11ms 1/2 sine, 3 shocks/axis
• vibration: 5grms 50 to 500Hz
Performance: under shock and vibration negotiable
Typical: 30 to 1000Hz 20grms cps < bkg (cps) + 2 bkg (Note: bkg = background)

 


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