From: Tom Kellett <tom@takdsign.demon.co.uk>
Subject: microcontroller-faq/PIC
Followup-To: poster
Date: 04 Dec 1995 02:49:36 GMT
Archive-name: microcontroller-faq/PIC
Posting-Frequency: Monthly
Last-Modified: 04 Dec 1995 02:48:36 GMT
microcontroller-faq/PIC
Summary: This article is a collection of information sources
for the MicroChip PIC series of microcontrollers
This Version Produced: 04 Dec 1995 02:49:39 GMT
Last Modified: 04 Dec 1995 02:48:36 GMT
The following topics are addressed:
0 ) Index <You're reading it>
1.0) ABOUT THIS FAQ
1.1) Who put this FAQ together?
1.2) How can I contribute to this FAQ?
1.3) What newsgroups will this FAQ be posted to?
1.4) Mailing lists of interest to PIC wranglers
1.5) Other FAQs of possible interest
1.6) Can I distribute this FAQ or post it somewhere else?
2.0) ABOUT THE PIC
2.1) The PIC micro controller
2.2) PIC variants
2.3) PIC contacts and representatives
3.0) PIC Utilities
3.1) FTP sites for the PIC
3.2) BBSs that support the PIC
3.3) Programming languages (3rd Party)
3.4) Programming hardware (3rd Party)
3.5) Programming Hardware (D.I.Y.)
4.0) PIC DOCUMENTATION
4.1) Periodicals that cover the PIC
4.2) Books on the PIC
4.3) Miscellaneous documentation on the PIC
5.0) Notes for programmers
5.1) Useful Code Routines [Index]
6.0) Attributions
* *
1) ABOUT THIS FAQ
* *
1.1) Who put this FAQ together?
Tom Kellett
TAKDesignS
Warrington
England
[the above is not a postal address, merely a locator]
If you like this FAQ; tell people that usenet is a good place.
If not, tell *me* what changes you would like to see.
* *
1.2) How can I contribute to this list?
Please, if you have any suggestions corrections or additions,
notify me by E-MAIL. : Tom@takdsign.demon.co.uk Thank you.
* *
1.3) What newsgroups will this FAQ be posted to?
This FAQ will be posted to the following newsgroups:
sci.electronics
comp.robotics.misc
comp.arch.embedded
comp.realtime
And will soon be, once again, archived at;
Archive: rtfm.mit.edu : <plus all mirror sites>
/pub/usenet/comp.answers/microcontroller-faq/PIC
/pub/usenet/sci.answers/microcontroller-faq/PIC
/pub/usenet/news.answers/microcontroller-faq/PIC
The schedule for posting will be monthly
* *
1.4) Mailing lists of interest
To subscribe to the PICLIST mailing list;
Mail to: listserv@mitvma.mit.edu
Header: () leave blank, not used.
Text: SUBscribe PICLIST to subscribe
or UNSUBscribe PICLIST to un subscribe
or HELP to get help
or INFO REFCARD for a listserve reference card
The pic list address is: PICLIST@mitvma.mit.edu
To receive the mailing list as a digest, send a message to the
listserv@mitvma.mit.edu
In the body of the message have the single line:
SET PICLIST DIGEST
* *
1.5) Other FAQs of possible interest
Other Microcontroller FAQs
Subject: 8051 microcontrollers
Newsgroups: comp.realtime
comp.robotics
sci.electronics
Archive: rtfm.mit.edu : <plus all mirror sites>
/pub/usenet/comp.answers/microcontroller-faq/8051
/pub/usenet/sci.answers/microcontroller-faq/8051
/pub/usenet/news.answers/microcontroller-faq/8051
Maintainer: Russ Hersch
Email: sibit@datasrv.co.il
Subject: 68hc11 microcontrollers
Newsgroups: comp.realtime
comp.robotics
sci.electronics
Archive: rtfm.mit.edu : <plus all mirror sites>
/pub/usenet/comp.answers/microcontroller-faq/68hc11
/pub/usenet/sci.answers/microcontroller-faq/68hc11
/pub/usenet/news.answers/microcontroller-faq/68hc11
Maintainer: Russ Hersch
Email: sibit@datasrv.co.il
Subject: Microcontroller primer and FAQ
Newsgroups: comp.sys.intel
comp.realtime
comp.robotics
sci.electronics
alt.comp.hardware.homebuilt
Archive: rtfm.mit.edu : <plus all mirror sites>
/pub/usenet/comp.answers/microcontroller-faq/primer
/pub/usenet/sci.answers/microcontroller-faq/primer
/pub/usenet/news.answers/microcontroller-faq/primer
Maintainer: Russ Hersch
Email: sibit@datasrv.co.il
Additional FAQs of interest
Subject: Robotics
Newsgroups: comp.robotics
Maintainer: Kevin Dowling
(412)268-8830
Email: nivek@ri.cmu.edu
Smail: Carnegie Mellon University
The Robotics Institute
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Subject: Electronics
Newsgroups: sci.electronics
Comments: There are a number of FAQs available in this newsgroup
on various subjects. Among some of the subjects covered
are: LCDs, stepper motors, etc.
FAQ subject: Real-time
Newsgroups: comp.realtime, comp.answers, news.answers
Archive: rtfm.mit.edu : pub/usenet/comp.realtime
Maintainer: Mark Linimon
Lonesome Dove Computing Services
Roanoke, Virginia
Email: linimon@nominil.lonesome.com.
Subject: Motorola 68K microprocessor line
Newsgroups: comp.sys.m68k
Archive: bode.ee.ualberta.ca : pub/motorola/general
ftp.luth.se : /pub/misc/motorola/faq
file name of archive is m68kfaq?.zip (? is version)
Maintainer: Robert Boys - Ontario, Canada
Email: r.boys@genie.geis.com
or
fboys@uoguelph.ca
For more information on various microcontrollers and their features,
refer to the Microcontroller primer and FAQ listed above.
* *
1.6) Can I post this FAQ to my local BBS?
I am putting no restrictions on the use of this FAQ but please,
* * * * * * * * * SEE COPYRIGHT NOTICE AT END OF FAQ * * * * * * * * * * *
REMEMBER ! If you choose to upload this FAQ to any BBS or ftp site,
then *YOU* are responsible for updating it regularly.
* *
2.0) ABOUT THE PIC micro controller
The PIC series are eprom based 8-bit micro controllers
developed by Microchip Technology
* *
2.1) The PIC micro controller
Back in 1965, GI formed a Microelectronics Division, and indeed used this
division to generate some of the earliest viable EPROM and EEPROM memory
architectures. As you may be aware, the GI Microelectronucs Division were
also responsible for a wide variety of digital and analog functions, in the
AY3-xxxx and AY5-xxxx families.
GI also generated a 16 bit microprocessor, called the CP1600, in the early
70s. This was a reasonable microprocessor, but not particularly good at
handling i/os. For some very specific applications where good i/o handling
was needed, GI designed a Peripheral Interface Controller (or PIC for short),
in around 1975. It was designed to be very fast, since it was i/o handling
for a 16 bit machine, but didn't need a huge amount of functionality, so its
microcoded instruction set was small. Hopefully, you can see what's
coming....yes, the architecture designed in '75 is substantially the PIC16C5x
architecure today. Granted, the1975 version was manufactured in NMOS, and was
only available in masked ROM versions, but still a good little uC. The
market, however, didn't particularly think so, and the PIC remained designed
in at a handful of large customers only.
During the early 80s, GI took a long hard look at their business, and
restructured, leaving them to concentrate on their core activities, which is
essentially power semiconductors. Indeed they are still doing this very
successfully now. GI Microelectronics Division became GI Microelectronics Inc
(a wholly owned subsidiary), which in 85 was finally sold to venture capital
investors, including the fab in Chandler, Arizona. The venture capital
people took a long hard look at the products in the business, and got rid of
most of it - all the AY3- and AY5- parts and a whole bunch of other stuff,
leaving the core business of the PIC and the serial and parallel EEPROMs and
the parallel EPROMs. A decision was taken to restart the new company, named
Arizona Microchip Technology, with embedded control as its differentiator
from the rest of the pack.
As part of this strategy, the PIC165x NMOS family was redesigned to use one
of the other things that the fledgling company was good at, i.e. EPROM - the
concept of the CMOS based, OTP and eraseable EPROM program memory PIC16C5x
family was born.
Contributed by Alex R. Baker <alex@microchp.demon.co.uk>
Actually, the PIC architecture was first integrated by Signetics for a
company in San Jose (Scientific Memory Systems as I recall) using Bipolar
technology and dubbed the 8X300.
Prior to that, the architecture had been a scientific curiosity since its
invention by Harvard University in a Defense Department funded competition
that pitted Princeton against Harvard.
Princeton won the competition because the MTBF of the simpler single memory
architecture was much better, albeit slower, than the Harvard submission.
With the development of the transistor and IC's the Harvard Architecture is
finally coming into its own.
Microchip has made a number of enhancements to the original architecture,
and updated the functional blocks of the original design with modern
advancements that are in concert with existing architectural processes and
enabled by the low cost of semiconductors.
Contributed by Len Umina <umina@kirk.mchip.com>
* *
2.2) PIC Variants
PIC processors are available in three families, which Microchip refers to as
the PIC16C5x, PIC16Cxx, and PIC17Cxx families.
PIC16C5x: 12 bit program word size, 33 instructions, 2 level stack,
no interrupts
Program Data Max. Voltage Typical Digikey
memory memory I/O freq. Range Current Price
(words) (bytes) pins (MHz) (Volts) (mA) (US $)
---------- --------- --------- ----- ----- -------- ------- -------
PIC16C54 512 25 12 20 2.5-6.25 2 4.39
PIC16C54A 512 25 12 20 2.5-6.25 2
PIC16CR54 512 ROM 25 12 20 2.0-6.25 1
PIC16CR54A 512 ROM 25 12 20 2.0-6.25 1
PIC16C55 512 24 20 20 2.5-6.25 2 5.44
PIC16C56 1024 25 12 20 2.5-6.25 2 5.03
PIC16C57 2048 72 20 20 2.5-6.25 2 6.24
PIC16CR57A 2048 ROM 72 20 20 2.0-6.25 1
PIC16C58A 2048 73 12 20 2.5-6.25 1
PIC16Cxx: 14 bit word size, 35 instructions, 8 level stack
Program Data Max. Voltage Typical Digikey
memory memory I/O freq. Range Current Price
(words) (bytes) pins (MHz) (Volts) (mA) (US $)
---------- --------- --------- ----- ----- -------- ------- -------
PIC16C61 1024 36 13 20 3.0-6.0 ? ?
PIC16C64 2048 128 33 20 2.0-6.0 3 11.05
PIC16C65 4096 192 ? 20 ? ? ?
PIC16C71 1024 36 13 16 3.0-6.0 2 14.38
PIC16C73 4096 192 ? 20 ? ? ?
PIC16C74 4096 192
PIC16C84 1024 EE 36 + 64 EE 13 10 2.0-6.0 2 10.15
PIC16C61 (18 pin DIP, 18 pin SOIC) available now?
PIC16C65 (40 pin DIP, 44 pin PLCC) under development
PIC16C73 (28 pin DIP, 28 pin SOIC) under development
PIC17Cxx: 16 bit word size, 55 instructions, 16 level stack:
Program Data Max. Voltage Typical Digikey
memory memory I/O freq. Range Current Price
(words) (bytes) pins (MHz) (Volts) (mA) (US $)
---------- --------- --------- ----- ----- -------- ------- -------
PIC17C42 2048 256 33 25 4.5-5.5 6 15,15
PIC17C44 8192 480 33 25
Notes:
1. Program memory is EPROM unless otherwise noted.
2. Data memory is number of usable bytes, not including special function
registers.
3. Digikey prices are quantity 10 prices for 4 MHz DIP packaged OTP parts
with RC oscillator option (where applicable), except that the 16C84 uses
EE PROM program memory, and the slowest speed 17C42 is rated at 16 MHz.
4. Prices are from Digikey catalogue number 943 for May/June 1994.
Other distributors often have lower prices, but typically also have
high minimum order requirements. Digikey also usually has plenty of
parts in stock. Windowed EPROM parts cost substantially more.
* *
2.3) PIC contacts and representatives
I don't know what Country these are in for sure.
ED Teck. Pubs tel:407-454-9905
Fred Eady BBS:407-454-3198
Writes articles for popular magazines.
Has a PIC programmer kit for $70.
Protel tel:1-800-544-4186
Builder of EASYTRAX, which is a free-ware bbs:1-408-243-0125
PCB drawing Package
Call Ext 225 ask for Louise Markham.
.............................
Australia
Microchip Technology tel:61 03 890 0970
Product information
HarTec Limited tel: (03) 268 9000
205a Middleborough Road fax: (03) 899 0819
Box Hill, Victoria
3128
Distributor
MicroZed Computers tel:61 67 722 777
296 Cook's Road fax:61 67 728 987
Armidale, NSW
2350
Stamp Products
Technology Affair tel:61 9 246 4810
Carine, WA fax:61 9 246 4809
Pic Tools
.............................
Austria
Wilke Technology tel:49 241 15 4071
Aachen fax:49 241 15 8475
Stamp products
.............................
Belgium
G.S.E. tel:32 41 77 51 51
Soumagne fax:32 41 77 53 53
Stamp Products
.............................
Canada
Aerosystems International tel:514 336 9426
St. Laurent Quebec fax:514 336 4383
Stamp Products
AP Circuits BBS 1-403-291-9342
Can download EASYTRAX(V2.06), various utilities, GERBER file
proofers, etc. You can upload PCB files and they will make
boards and ship to you in about week. (about $100)
.............................
Czech Republic
MITE tel:42 49 5813 252
Hradek Kralove fax:42 49 5813 260
Stamp Products
.............................
Denmark
High Tech Horizon
Asbogatan 29 C tel: +46 431 41 00 88
S-262 51 Angelholm fax: +46 431 41 00 88
SWEDEN e-mail: cj@algonet.se
WWW : http://www.algonet.se/~cj/catalog.html
Stamp Products
.............................
Finland
High Tech Horizon
Asbogatan 29 C tel: +46 431 41 00 88
S-262 51 Angelholm fax: +46 431 41 00 88
SWEDEN e-mail: cj@algonet.se
WWW : http://www.algonet.se/~cj/catalog.html
Stamp Products
.............................
France
Arizona Microchip Technology SARL tel:33 01 6930 9090
2, Rue Du Buisson aux Fraises fax:33 01 6930 9079
F-91300 Massy, France
Product information
Selectronic tel:33 20 52 98 52
Lille Cedex fax:33 20 52 12 04
Stamp Products
.............................
Germany
Arizona Microchip Technology GMBH tel:49 089 609 6072
Alte Landstrasse 12-14 fax:49 089 609 1997
D-8012 Ottobrunn, Germany
Product information
Arizona Microship Technology GmbH tel:~49-89-627-144-0
Gustav-Heinemann-Ring 125 fax:~49-89-627-144-44
Munich
D-81739
Sales Office for Central + Eastern Europe.
Area Sales Manager is Mr. W.R. Hollon.
Wilke Technology tel:49 241 15 4071
Aachen fax:49 241 15 8475
Stamp products
Metronik GmbH
Leonhardweg 2 Tel: +49 89 61108 0
D-82008 Unterhaching Fax: +49 89 6117686
Rutronik GmbH
Industriestrasse 2 Tel: +49 7231 8010
D-75228 Ispringen Fax: +49 7231 82282
Semitron W. Roeck GmbH
Im Gut 1 Tel: +49 7742 8001 0
D-79790 Kuessaberg Fax: +49 7742 6901
Future Electronics Deutschland GmbH
Postfach 1152 Tel: +49 89 95727 0
D-85765 Unterfoehring Fax: +49 89 95727 173
.............................
Greece
Peter Caritato + Associates tel:30 1 902 0115
Athens fax:30 1 901 7024
Stamp Products
.............................
Hong Kong
Microchip Technology Inc. tel:852 410 2716
Unit No. 2520-2525 fax: 852 418 1600
Tower 1, Metroplaza
Hing Fong Road, Kwai Fong
N.T., Hong Kong
Product information
.............................
Hungary
HUMANsoft tel:36 1163 2879
Budapest fax:36 1251 3673
Stamp Products
.............................
India
AL Systems tel:91 422 232 561
Coimbatore fax:91 422 213 849
Stamp Products
.............................
Israel
Elina Electronic Ltd tel:972 3 498 543
Tel Aviv fax:972 3 498 745
Stamp Products
.............................
Italy
Microchip Technology tel:39 039 689 9939
Product information
No further information is available at this time
.............................
Japan
Microchip Technology International Inc. tel:81 45/471-6166
Shinyokohama Gotoh Bldg. 8F, 3-22-4 fax:81 45/471-6122
Shinyokohama, Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama-Shi
Kanagawa 222 Japan
Product information
Akizuki Denshi Tsusho Ltd tel:81 3 3251 1779
Tokyo fax:81 3 3432 4492
Stamp Products
.............................
Korea
Microchip Technology tel:82 2 518 8181
Product information
No further information is available at this time
.............................
Netherlands
Antratek tel:31 1803 17666
Nieuwerkerk A/D ljssel fax:31 1803 16664
Stamp Products
.............................
Norway
High Tech Horizon
Asbogatan 29 C tel: +46 431 41 00 88
S-262 51 Angelholm fax: +46 431 41 00 88
SWEDEN e-mail: cj@algonet.se
WWW : http://www.algonet.se/~cj/catalog.html
Stamp Products
.............................
Portugal
DIGICONTROLE tel: 351-1-80 57 30
Av. Eng. Arantes e Oliveira 5 2D 351-1-848 4542
OLAIAS 1900 LISBOA fax: 351-1-849 0373
Electronic Distributor, including PIC's
.............................
Singapore
Microchip Technology tel: 65 222 4962
Product information
No further information is available at this time
.............................
South Africa
PACE Electronic Components tel:011-9741211 (JHB)
Microchip (official agent)
Jakanaka tel:27 11 907 8475
Alberton fax:27 11 907 9426
Stamp Products
.............................
South Korea
Prochips tel:82 2 849 8567
Seoul fax:82 2 849 8659
Stamp Products
.............................
Switzerland
Wilke Technology tel:49 241 15 4071
Aachen fax:49 241 15 8475
Stamp products
.............................
Sweden
High Tech Horizon
Asbogatan 29 C tel: +46 431 41 00 88
S-262 51 Angelholm fax: +46 431 41 00 88
SWEDEN e-mail: cj@algonet.se
WWW : http://www.algonet.se/~cj/catalog.html
Stamp Products
.............................
Taiwan
Microchip Technology tel:886 2 760 2028
Product information
No further information is available at this time
United Tech Electronic Corp. tel:886 2 647 1978
Taipei Hsien fax:886 2 648 1895
Stamp Products
.............................
U.K.
Arizona Microchip Technology Ltd tel:44 062-885-1077
Unit 3, Meadow Bank, Furlong Rd fax:44 062-885-0178
Bourne End, Bucks SL8 5AJ
Product information
Eiger Technologies Ltd., tel.44 0928 579009
14 Howard Court, fax.44 0928 579123
Manor Park, Runcorn, Cheshire, WA7 1SJ
Microchips 'Official' UK Distributors
Hawke Components Ltd., tel.44 0256 880800
26 Campbell Court, fax.44 0256 880325
Bramley, Nr Basingstoke, Hants RG26 5EG
Microchips 'Official' UK Distributors
Milford Instruments tel:44 977 683 665
South Milford, Leeds fax:44 977 681 465
Stamp Products
Polar Electronics Ltd., tel.44 0525 377093
Cherrycourt Way, fax 44 0525 853070
Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire LU7 8YY
Microchip 's 'Official' UK Distributors
Contact for details of the PIC Owners Club
.............................
U.S.
Bell Industries tel:1-800-525-6666
Maryland, 1-800-274-6953
Columbia
Electronic Distributor, including PIC's
Digi-Key tel:800 344 4539
Thief River Falls, Minnesota fax:218 681 3380
Stamp Products and general parts
FAI tel:1-800-303-5701
Ask for Chris
Electronics distributor, carry PIC's,
Link Computer Graphics tel:301-994-6669
Programmer CLK-3100
No further information is available at this time
Micro Engineering Labs tel:(719) 520-5323
makes PIC-Proto boards
Myriad Development tel:(303) 692-3836
CCS - C compiler
tel: (414) 781-2794 extension 30
Micro Engineering Labs tel:719-520-5323
Box 7532 Colorado Springs, CO 80933
Has proto-type boards and demo kits,
Good source of info, can do manufacturing, etc
Microchip Technology Inc. tel:(602) 786-7200
2355 West Chandler Blvd. fax:(602) 899-9210
Chandler, AZ 85224-6199
Product information
Needham Electronics tel:(916) 924-8037
I don't know if they make PIC stuff, fax:(916) 972-9960
but they make an EPROM programmer, the PB-10 bbs:(916) 972-8042
Their emp-20 is great for Pics,Pals,Gala,EEproms etc but is ~$500
It can be set to auto program on start up. It takes about 4 seconds
for a bat file to reassemble the source with new EQU's from the
command line, recompile and program a part.
Parallax Inc. <ftp.parallaxinc.com>
3805 Atherton Road, Ste. 102 fax:(916) 624-8003
Rocklin, CA 95765 USA bbs:(916) 624-7101
Stamp Products Help 916-624-8333
A selection of development tools for PIC microcontrollers,
including assemblers, simulators, C compilers, programmers, in-circuit
emulators. All tools run on IBM PC computers.
Also the "RC"and "JW" versions of the PICs and prototyping boards.
e-mail address, info@parallaxinc.com
orders@parallaxincom
FTP URL ftp://ftp.parallaxinc.com/pub/
WWW URL http://www.parallaxinc.com.
* *
3) PIC Utilities
PICSTART-16B-1
Features
Supports only 16C5x, 16C71, and 16C84
comes with chips to play with.
has a zif socket
software includes an assembler with powerful macro capabilities
and a powerful debugger (both support INHX8M, INHX8S, and INHX16
file formats)
PICSTART-16C
Features
Same as 16B except *only* for 16C64 and 16C74.
------------------------------
PARALLAX
--------
Features
Parallax's own instruction set Their assembler takes either the
standard instructions or parallax 's 8051-like pseudo instructions.
needs only a 360k floppy, MS DOS 2.1, 128K RAM, mono.
simulator software.
These assemblers work with many other programmers.
PASM (5x), PASMX (xx), and PSIM, the emulator, are available free,
via the BBS, FTP and WWW sites.
* *
3.1) FTP sites for the PIC
FTP SITE Directory
ftp.ultranet.com /biz/mchip
alias ftp.ultranet.com /microchip
This is Microchip's own FTP site
The web address is http://www.ultranet.com/microchip
http://www.ultranet.com/biz/mchip also works
Parallax's ftp site for stamp and pic files
ftp.parallaxinc.com
WWW URL http://www.parallaxinc.com.
ftp.funet.fi (nic.funet.fi) /pub/microprocs/PIC
wpi.wpi.edu /stamp
ftp.luth.se /pub/misc/microchip
ftp.oak.oakland.edu
ftp.uni-erlangen.de,
directory
[ /mounts/epix/public/pub/Multimedia/VideoCrypt
/microcontroller/microchip.bbs ]
Maintained by:
Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@cip.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
A new www page has been established by Andrew M. Errington;
http://www.lancs.ac.uk/people/cpaame/pic/pic.htm
The PIC page can be accessed directly or from:
http://www.lancs.ac.uk/people/cpaame/cpaame.htm
Both pages are 'under construction' and may include references to things
that don't exist, as yet.
Eric Smith <eric@goonsquad.spies.com> Has a www PIC page at:
http://www.spies.com/~eric/pic/
* *
3.2) BBSs that support the PIC
Microchip BBS
Contact by dialling the same number you would use to get to
Compuserve at 19200,n,8,1, except that you press +<CR> at the
(garbage) prompt, followed by MCHIPBBS as the host (instead of CIS).
Don Lekei BBS
(Canada) (604) 597-3479
Parallax BBS,
(U.S.) (916) 624-7101.
* *
3.3) PIC programming languages (3rd Party)
Host m/c PC
Prog. Name ASPIC Shareware PIC assembler (reg = $100 CDN ($69 US))
**DESIGNED** for embedded controller design
the shareware license has an unusual clause absolving
those who only use it for non-commercial purposes
Supplier/Author Don Lekei < 72677.2623@compuserve.com >
BBS at (Canada) (604) 597-3479
Features - One assembler for 16c5X, 16c6X, 16c7X, 16c8X, 17c42
- Compatible with PICSIM (MPSIM)
- Compatible with MAKE, and with auto-error tracking editors
- Many times faster than PICALC (MPALC)
- Standard base notation (Intel and Motorola format)
- CODE and FUNCTION macros
- Auto register bank management
- Text/data translation
- Automatically generates RETLW tables for text / data tables
- Built-in version management and assembly control functions
- user command-line switches
- many other features
-character set translation (eg. for LED,LCD,On Screen Displays)
- bit labels, environment labels, etc.
.............................
Host m/c PC i386 /MS DOS/SunOS 4.1.1/NeXTSTEP 3.0.
Name B.LO.C release 1.0, version 4.0
Available for the PIC16CXX and PIC17CXX
Supplier
Butterfly Signal Processing Inc.
131 Bloor Street West #200-154
Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1R8
TEL: +1.416.929.5754
FAX: +1.416.968.7492
Features
`C-like' syntax
Locally optimal code generation
Superfast, one-pass compilation
Zero stack and memory space used
Produces fully annotated, easy-to-read assembly code to facilitate
simulation
Regular and in-line functions supported
B.LO.C and assembly routines can be mixed
In-line assembly code inclusion
For more information contact Anees Munshi
asm@kalam.butterfly.com <may bounce>
butterfly!asm@kanchenjunga.eecg.toronto.edu
asm@eecg.toronto.edu
.............................
Host m/c PC ?
C5x compiler C5x series
C71 compiler
Features
-libraries for RS232 serial I/O and precision delays
-allow call trees deeper than the hardware stack
Supplier
CCS 414-781-2794 ext.30
PO Box 11191
Milwaukee, WI 53211
(you leave your message on an answering machine)
Also from
Parallax Inc. <ftp.parallaxinc.com> fax:(916) 624-8003
3805 Atherton Road, Ste. 102 bbs:(916) 624-7101
Rocklin, CA 95765 USA Help 916-624-8333
Byte Craft Limited supply a C compiler for the PICs. A demo version for
the 17C42 is available ( assembly file generation only ).
MPC.ZIP <ftp.parallaxinc.com>
pricing:
GBP 695 / GBP 660 for members of the PIC owners club.
$795(US)
Contact:
Byte Craft Ltd., tel. (519) 888 6911
421 King Street North, fax (519) 746 6751
Waterloo,
Ontario,
Canada N2J 4E4
In UK Pentica Systems Ltd., tel. (44) 0734 792101
Oaklands Park, fax (44) 0734 774081
Wokingham,
Berkshire RG11 2FE
England
Also from
Parallax Inc. <ftp.parallaxinc.com> fax:(916) 624-8003
3805 Atherton Road, Ste. 102 bbs:(916) 624-7101
Rocklin, CA 95765 USA Help 916-624-8333
.............................
Host m/c PC
name: PSIM
Software Simulator: Simulate the PIC's internal operation on the PC.
Supports: 16C5x, 16C71, 16C84.
Features:
Set breakpoints
Single-step through code and modify registers
The simulator also controls the Parallax in-circuit emulators
[if present]
Filename is PSIM.EXE. on ftp site. <ftp.parallaxinc.com>
Also available PASM and PASMX assemblers.
Real-time, in-circuit emulators
PIC specific and universal programmers
Cross-Assembler, Cross-Compiler
Emulation Technology, Inc. tel: (408)982-0660
2344 Walsh Avenue fax: (408)982-0664
Bldg. F
Santa Clara, CA 95051 Email: et@pmail.emulation.com
WWW: www.emulation.com
FTP: ftp.emulation.com
.............................
* *
3.4) PIC Programming Hardware (3rd Party)
Product programmer
Model Microburner 512
Supplier Baradine Products Ltd, tel:604 988-9853
PO Box 86757,
North Vancouver, BC CANADA V7L 4L3
Contact Garry Anderson <baradine@mindlink.bc.ca>
Features:
RS-232 terminal serial port compatible programmer
Supports communications up to 38,400 baud,
stand-alone or host operation, which can be from a 12VDC battery,
ie. if you're out at a remote site, standard 6 or 12 volt
batteries will do (even a car battery, but that's overkill!)
.............................
Product: emulators from GBP 350
programmers from GBP 200
Contact:
SMART Communications, tel:44 (0)81 441 3890
2 Field End, fax:44 (0)81 441 1843
Arkley, Barnet, Herts EN5 3EZ
England
.............................
Product Dataman Softy 4
Features:
With optional PIC module supports entire PIC16/17 range
Programs all chip specific features
Supports PICSEE
Programs from 1 word to whole memory
Disk of PIC support utilities included
Supports EPROMS, EEPROMS and Flash upto 8Mbits
Supports 16 bit EPROMS, EEPROMS and Flash upto 4Mbits
Supports serial EE 93 and 24 series
Easy to use
Free Support via Dataman BBSs in UK and USA
3 year warranty
Product Information:
The Dataman Softy 4 is the world's best selling handheld programmer.
With up to 4Mbit of internal memory, S4 can program EPROM, EEPROM and
FLASH devices of up to 8Mbit and 32 pins without adapters. The onboard
serial port can transfer files at up to 115200 baud from a host computer.
S4 also emulates memory devices of up to 4 MBit without additional hardware.
Using the optional PIC adapter set, all current members of the PIC16/17
family can be programmed. The Softy 4 is compatible with files produced
by Microchip and third party assemblers. Adapters are also available for
40 pin EPROMs, serial EEPROMs and 8751.
Others are in preparation.
Contact: Internet: Nigel@dataman.demon.co.uk
Dataman Programmers Ltd Tel:44 1300 320719
Station Road, Fax:44 1300 321012
Maiden Newton BBS:44 1300 321095
DORSET DT2 0AE Telex:418442 DATAMN G
United Kingdom
Dataman Programmers Inc. Tel: (407) 649-3335
22 Lake Beauty Drive Fax: (407) 649-3310
Suite 101, ORLANDO BBS: (407) 649-3159
FL 32806, USA
.............................
Product M2L EZ-EP Programmer and EP-PIC Adapter
Features: Inexpensive - base unit is only $149.95
PC Parallel port operation With optional EP-PIC adapter,
supports 16c54,55,56,57,58 16c71, and 16c84
Programs almost all chip specific features
Programs from 1 word to whole memory
Supports EPROMS, EEPROMS and Flash up to 8Mbits
Adapters available for other microcontrollers and 16bit
EPROMs
Free demo software and software updates via BBS (310/837-7818)
Product Information:
The EZ-EP is the world's best programmer for less than $200 (US). The
base unit programs E/EE/Flash EPROMs from 2716-27080. The EZ-EP is small
(3" x 6" x 1.5") and light (8 oz) so it is quite portable. It hooks to a PC
parallel port and adapters are available to do various microcontrollers
and etc. (68hc11, PIC, 8751, 16bit eproms, plcc eproms, serial eeproms).
Fastest programming modes are fully supported. Programs 27c010 in 23
seconds.
Pricing:
EZ-EP base unit $149.95
PIC adapter $49.95 (16c54,55,56,57,58,71,84)
EPLD adapter $59.95 (ICT 18v8,20v10,22v10)
8751 adapter $39.95
PLCC adapters $49.95
16bit adapter $49.95
8748 adapter $44.95
Contact: Internet: loving@cs.ucla.edu -or-
M2L.Electronics@f526.n102.z1.fidonet.org
M2L Electronics (voice 9am-1pm PST) tel:310 837-7818
3526 Jasmine #4 (BBS/FAX other hours)
Los Angeles, CA 90034
.............................
PIC16C5x Real-time Emulator List Price: $599.00US
Advanced Transdata Corp. tel: (214) 980-2960
14330 Midway Road fax: (214) 980-2937
Suite 104
Dallas, TX 75244
They also advertise gang programmers, etc. and may have a PIC17C42
product. It's worth a try, maybe, but if no-one tells *me* ? <shrug>
.............................
The Parallax Range
PIC16Cxx Programmer
Supports: 16C5x, 16C64, 16C71, 16C74, and 16C84.
Comes with Parallax and Microchip assemblers, a software simulator
and 18 and 28 pin LIF sockets.
Pricing:
Programmer (with docs. on disk only) $99
Optional
All cables, psu, and printed docs. $100
Adaptors
18/28-pin ZIF $69
40-pin ZIF (use with 16C64/74) $49
18/28-pin SOIC $129
20/28-pin SSOP $109
The BackDraft 17 Programmer
Supports: 17C42.
Comes with Parallax and Microchip assemblers, a software simulator
and 40 pin ZIF socket.
Pricing:
Programmer $199
Optional
PLCC adapter $129.
In-Circuit-Emulators
The ClearView '5x Supports: 16C5x
The ClearView 'xx Supports: "newer" PICs (via "personality" modules)
Features:
Both emulators allow the user to run code in-circuit at speeds
from 32-kHz to 20-MHz.
The user can set breakpoints, step through code and modify registers,
all while the code runs in-circuit.
The user interface is the same as the software simulator
but all execution occurs in hardware in real-time.
Pricing:
ClearView '5x $499
ClearView 'xx $499
Personality modules $100-$150
Filenames:
programmers
PEP.EXE (16C5x)
PEPX.EXE (16Cxx)
PEP17.EXE (17C42)
emulator
PSIM.EXE
All are included with the hardware products, and all
are available on the BBS and ftp site.
Parallax Inc. <ftp.parallaxinc.com> fax:(916) 624-8003
3805 Atherton Road, Ste. 102 bbs:(916) 624-7101
Rocklin, CA 95765 USA Help 916-624-8333
.............................
Serial Programmer/Demo board for $99 (US) [+carriage]
Simon Bridger Design; <s.bridger@auckland.ac.nz> tel:(64) 9 623 4081
Box 8128 Symonds St fax:(64) 9 623 4082
Auckland, New Zealand.
Production Programming (3 voltage) Algorithm
Serial In-system programming/reprogramming or socket on bd
Supports 2 different pieces of target hardware from single
programmers for easy master/slave project development
Hardware programs any 16cXX parts
(software currently for 16c84)
As well as being programmers, they also perform as
demo-boards with an rs232 port, and come complete with 16C84,
preprogrammed, and running a demo program
Circuits, overlays, code, demos, and BLOC demo etc from:
FTP site : ftp://ftp.std.com/pub/simon.bridger
.............................
PIC Specific Products;
Real-time, in-circuit emulators
PIC specific and universal programmers
Cross-Assembler, Cross-Compiler
Emulation Technology, Inc. tel: (408)982-0660
2344 Walsh Avenue fax: (408)982-0664
Bldg. F
Santa Clara, CA 95051 Email: et@pmail.emulation.com
WWW: www.emulation.com
FTP: ftp.emulation.com
.............................
Logical Devices Inc tel:800-331-7766
Programmer ALLPRO 88 tel:305-974-0967
No further information is available at this time
Elan Digital Systems Ltd tel:(408) 946-3864
Programmer EF-PER 5000 Series Gang Programmer
No further information is available at this time
ADVIN Systems Inc tel:408-984-8600
Programmer PILOT U40
No further information is available at this time
BP Microsystems tel:800-225-2102
Programmer CP-1128 tel:713-461-4958
No further information is available at this time
Data I/O Corp. tel:800-288-4965
Programmer Unisite with Site-48 module
No further information is available at this time
Stag Microsystems tel:44-707-332-148
Programmer PP39
No further information is available at this time
Maple Technology Ltd tel:44-666-825-146
Programmer MQP-200
No further information is available at this time
Application Solutions Ltd tel:273-476608
Programmer PIC Programmer
No further information is available at this time
Citadel Products Ltd. tel:44-819-511-848
Programmer PC-82
No further information is available at this time
HI-LO Taiwan ? tel:(02) 7640215
Programmer ALL-03
No further information is available at this time
Data I/O Corp. Japan tel:(03) 432- 6991
Programmer Unisite with Site-48 module
No further information is available at this time
SMS Germany tel:49-7522-4460
Programmer Sprint Expert
No further information is available at this time
Data I/O Corp. Europe tel:31(0)-6622866
Programmer Unisite with Site-48 module
No further information is available at this time
Advanced Trans Data ???? tel:(214) 980- 2960
Programmer PGM16 and PGM 16x8 Gang Prog. fax:(214) 980-2937
No further information is available at this time
* *
3.5) PIC Programming Hardware (D.I.Y.)
PIC16C84 Programmer using PC parallel port.
Schematic, C and QBasic
source available from:
Microchip BBS:
In 3rd party library as PIC84PGM.ZIP
ftp://bode.ee.ualberta.ca
/pub/cookbook/comp/ibm/pic84pgm.zip
ftp://ftp.luth.se
/pub/misc/microchip/16c84/pic84pgm.zip
Contact: david.tait@man.ac.uk Author/Designer
.............................
A programmer designed by Henk Schaer.
Host: faui43.informatik.uni-erlangen.de
Location:
/mounts/epix/public/pub/Multimedia/VideoCrypt/microcontroller
FILE -rw-r--r-- 24693 Apr 7 1994 picprog.zip
Complete with software (EXE only).
.............................
A design by Mark Cox:
Host ftp://baldrick.eia.brad.ac.uk:
Location:
/pub/blowpic.zip
.............................
A design by Russ Reiss appeared in the article "Programming PICs on a Budget"
in the June 1994 issue (i.e. #47) of "Circuit Cellar Ink".
.............................
A Design published in ETI (Electronics Today International) magazine
By: Robin Abbott
37, Plantation Drive
Christchurch
Dorset, BH23 5SG
SPEC: Reads, programs, and verifies PIC 16C54, 55, 56, 57,
58, 64, 71, 74, 84 and any other upcoming 18, 28, or
40 pin PIC device which conform to the current PIC
serial programming specification.
Reads and programs EEPROM device data areas.
Fully supports user data area and configuration fuses.
Serial interface to host PC.
Windows host software available.
Loads and saves Intel hex , hex text and binary file
formats produced by Microchip Assembler (MPPASM).
Host software supports automatic device serialisation.
Cost to build Approx 35 GBP
This PIC programmer article was published in two parts:
ETI JUNE '95 : PIC Programmer Hardware.
ETI JULY '95 : PIC Programmer Software.
ETI (Electronics Today International)
- programming and construction articles
- ARGUS SPECIALIST PUBLICATIONS: tel. : (0442) 66551
- Argus House, Boundary Way, fax. : (0442) 66998
- Hemel Hempstead HP2 7ST,
- England.
Overseas and non-newstrade sales by Magazine Sales Department:
Back Issues available
Subscription Rates: (Published Monthly)
US Dollars Overseas $56.00 Sterling Overseas 31.00GBP
USA Subscription:
Wise Owl Worldwide Publications, tel. : (310) 375 6258
4314 West 238th Street, fax. : (310) 375 0548
Torrance, CA90505 USA
Visa/Mastercard orders in USA:
Pacific Time: 9am - 9pm Weekdays 10am - 6pm Weekends
(If you (can) order the article alone (not the entire magazine) bear )
( in mind that the PCB foils are usually at the back of the magazine,)
( and not in the article itself. )
If you send a blank 16C57XT/16C57JW and a cheque for the sum of 20GBP,
together with a SAE, the author will return the PIC programmed and a
3.5" high density floppy disk with the host software suitable for
Windows 3.1 or 3.11.
.............................
PROTO-TYPING BOARDS
Proto-typing boards from MicroEngineering Labs.
These boards have a large prototyping area,
With provisions for a PIC,oscillator circuit, and power supply.
For 18-pin PIC16Cxx devices $10
For 18/28-pin PIC16Cxx devices $15
For 40-pin PIC16Cxx devices $17
For 40-pin PIC17C42 $17
Available from Parallax inc.
.............................
PIC Experiment Board from Depew Engineering. $199
The Experiment Board supports 18 and 28 pin PICs, includes a solderless
breadboard area, clock generation circuit, RS-232 port,
I/O port status on LEDs and 7-segment displays,
5-volt power supply, and reset button.
The board has support circuitry for 8-pin EEPROMs and BASIC Stamp circuits.
Available from Parallax inc.
.............................
Chris B. Sakkas
ITU Technologies
3477 Westport Ct.
Cincinnati, OH 45248-3026
ITU Technologies is proud to introduce the ITU PIC Programmer Model
PIC-1, the first truly low-cost and versatile programmer for the
Microchip Family of PIC microcontrollers.
This programmer is designed for programming Microchip's popular
PIC16C6x/7x/8x family of microcontrollers.
The programmer is approximately 3.3" x 3.7" in size and features a
built-in 18 pin DIP socket and an expansion header. The expansion header
is provided for programming adapters and in-system programming of
EEPROM-based PICs. A variety of adapters will also be available to
support 28/40 pin PICs and various packaging forms.
The PIC-1 programmer comes complete with an interfacing cable to connect
to your PC parallel port, programming software, and power supply. The
included power supply is for US use only, foreign customers must provide
their own converter/power supply.
The programming software included is designed to program all of the
supported PICs mentioned above.
Software updates will be available electronically free of charge.
The software allows programming of the PICs program memory, setting of
configuration fuses, program verification and the ability to read PIC
memory to a file.
The software also allows data memory programming, reading of data
memory, and bulk erase of EEPROM-based PICs.
An UNREGISTERED shareware version of Don Lekei's Macro+ Assembler for
Microchip PIC Microcontrollers (ASPIC) is included with each programmer
for your evaluation.
SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY PRICING FOR INTERNET CUSTOMERS
For a limited time, this special introductory pricing is available:
ITU PIC Programmer (Model PIC-1) KIT $29
This kit includes:
* an easy to follow instruction manual for building your programmer
* a high quality printed circuit board with silkscreen
* all components needed to build the programmer
* PIC Programming Software for IBM PC-compatible Computers
* a cable to connect the programmer to a PC's parallel port
* a power supply for the programmer (for US use)
* a User's manual introducing the PIC-1 programmer and software
ITU PIC Programmer (Model PIC-1) Assembled/Tested $49
As above, but assembled and tested.
ALSO AVAILABLE PIC-N-GO PACKAGES:
PIC-N-GO packages are designed for the microcontroller novice.
They include the ITU PIC Programmer Model PIC-1, as above, plus a
PIC16C84-04/P microcontroller.
This EEPROM-based microcontroller is ideal for the novice and the PIC-N-GO
packages are the most attractive programmers available for the beginner.
You can program and erase the PIC16C84 many times without the use of an EPROM
eraser, making it the best choice for those starting out with microcontrollers.
These packages are great for students and hobbyists looking to acquaint
themselves with microcontrollers.
PIC-N-GO KIT only $39
* includes PIC-1 programmer kit and PIC16C84-04/P microcontroller (w/
data sheet)
PIC-N-GO Assembled/Tested only $59
* includes assembled and tested PIC-1 programmer and PIC16C84-04/P (w/
data sheet)
Quantity discounts are available, making these packages the perfect choice for
schools and clubs wishing to teach introductory microcontroller usage.
All products include a 30-day money back guarantee and a 90-day warranty. Due to
the nature of kit building, all kits must be returned unassembled to qualify for
a full refund.
Please e-mail us at ITUTec@aol.com with your questions or if you would
like ordering information.
pricing:
ITU PIC Programmer (Model PIC-1)
Kit $29 + $5 Shipping/Handling
Assembled and Tested $49 + $5 Shipping/Handling
PIC-N-GO Packages (ITU PIC Programmer and one PIC16C84-04/P)
Kit $39 + $5 Shipping/Handling
Assembled and Tested $59 + $5 Shipping/Handling
Ohio Residents please add 5.5% sales tax.
Please note that the above is for prepaid orders. COD orders are available, but
must include an additional $5 service charge. Please contact us if you require
second day or next day delivery.
Foreign orders must be prepaid in US funds and include an additional $5
Shipping/Handling fee. Please contact us if you require air parcel or express
delivery.
We will gladly accept your personal check or money order for payment. Your
package will be shipped upon receipt of your payment. Please make your check
payable to ITU Technologies.
You may place your COD order via e-mail or phone. You must include your
phone number along with your address. You can e-mail us at
ITUTec@aol.com or phone us at (513) 574-7523 from 9AM to 5PM EDT Monday
through Friday. We do prefer orders via e-mail since this allows us to
focus our phone use towards technical support.
Our web address is:
http://www.iglou.com/ITU
and our anonymous ftp address is:
ftp://iglou.com/members/ITU
We also have some files on PC-interfacing and general electronics-related
material available via ftp. The support directory will always contain the latest
versions of our PIC programmer software.
We welcome any user contributed programs to our site. If you would like to share
your PIC-related code or utilities with the Internet community, just upload them
into our incoming directory and send me an e-mail message with a description of
your upload.
We would appreciate any comments and suggestions, especially additions or
corrections to links on our page. Please keep in mind that we have just added
this page and will continue to make updates!
..........................
* *
4.0) PIC DOCUMENTATION
* *
4.1) Periodicals that may cover the PIC.
The Computer Applications Journal (Circuit Cellar Ink)
- programming and construction articles
- POB 7694, Riverton, NJ 08077-8784
- FAX: (203)872-2204
- Voice orders: (609) 786-0409
- On-line orders (BBS): (203) 871-1988
- Email orders: ken.davidson@circellar.com
- $21.95, $31.95 surface Canada and Mexico,
$49.95 air all other countries
Computer Design
industry announcements and trends
One Technology Park Drive,
P.O. Box 990, Westford, MA 01886
(508)692-0700
The Computer Journal
- programming and construction articles
- PO Box 3900
- Citrus Heights, CA 95611-3900
- (800) 424-8825 / (916) 722-4970
Dr. Dobbs Journal
- programming articles, concepts and designs
- 411 Borel Ave., San Mateo, CA 94402
- (415)358-9500
Electronic Engineering Times
- industry announcements and trends
- 500-B Bi-County Boulevard, Farmingdale, NY 11735
- (516)293-3000
ETI (Electronics Today International)
- programming and construction articles
- ARGUS SPECIALIST PUBLICATIONS: tel. : (0442) 66551
- Argus House, Boundary Way, fax. : (0442) 66998
- Hemel Hempstead HP2 7ST,
- England.
Overseas and non-newstrade sales by Magazine Sales Department:
Back Issues available
Subscription Rates: (Published Monthly)
US Dollars Overseas $56.00 Sterling Overseas 31.00GBP
USA Subscription:
Wise Owl Worldwide Publications, tel. : (310) 375 6258
4314 West 238th Street, fax. : (310) 375 0548
Torrance, CA90505 USA
Visa/Mastercard orders in USA:
Pacific Time: 9am - 9pm Weekdays 10am - 6pm Weekends
Electronics Now
- construction articles
- Box 55115, Boulder, CO 80321-5115
- $19.97 one year
Elektor Electronics
- programming and construction articles
- World Wide Subscription Service Ltd
Unit 4, Gibbs Reed Farm, Pashley Road
Ticehurst TN5 7HE, England
- 27 UK pounds
or
- Old Colony Sound Lab,
- P.O. Box 243, Peterborough, NH 03458
- Tel. (603) 924-6371, 924-6526
- Fax: (603) 924-9467
- $57 USA and Canada per year
Embedded Systems Programming
- programming and systems design articles
- Miller Freeman Publications
- 500 Howard St., San Francisco, CA 94105
- (415) 397-1881
Microcomputer Journal (formerly Computer Craft)
- programming and constructions articles
- 76 N. Broadway, Hicksville, NY 11801
- $18.95 one year, foreign $23.00, foreign air mail $76.00
Midnight Engineering
- 1700 Washington Ave., Rocky Road, CO 81067
- (719)254-4553
* *
4.2) Books on the PIC
A Beginners Guide to the Microchip PIC Nigel Gardner
ISBN: 1 899013 00 8 Printed in the UK by Character Press Ltd.
Software (on floppy) and hardware guide. Debugging techniques...
Available from Polar Electronics in UK 19.95 UK Pounds
This is suitably titled as a *beginner's* guide. For those
with no previous microcontroller experience.
The PIC Source Book:
Curious about the inner workings of the BASIC
Stamp? Programming the PIC in assembly language? This book/disk
combination provides assembly-language source code cloned from more
than 30 BASIC Stamp instructions. Shows how to perform serial I/O,
read resistance, generate sounds, measure pulses, perform 16-bit
math, and more. The package costs $39 S+H.
Contact:Scott Edwards Electronics 72037.2612@compuserve.com
964 Cactus Wren Lane Tel: 602-459-4802
Sierra Vista, AZ 85635 Fax: 602-459-0623
CIS: 72037,2612
* *
4.3) Miscellaneous documentation on the PIC
MicroChip Technology Incorporated - application notes
ED Teck. Pubs
Fred Eady
407-454-9905
BBS 407-454-3198
Writes articles for popular magazines. Has a PIC programmer kit for $70.
BBS available, good source of information, very helpful.
Parallax
Stamps and programmer, etc.
BBS 916-624-7101
Help 916-624-8333
AP Circuits
BBS 1-403-291-9342 (Canada)
Can download EASYTRAX(V2.06), various utilities, GERBER file proofers, etc.
* *
5.0) Notes for programmers:
All PIC instructions are a single word. The equivalent of the
immediateaddress mode of other processors is the literal mode, used by
instructionsending in "LW", such as MOVLW, ADDLW, SUBLW, ANDLW, IORLW, XORLW,
and RETLW.The byte of data used by these instructions is directly encoded in
theinstruction itself.
All PIC instructions take a single instruction cycle (four oscillator cycles)
to execute, unless a conditional test is TRUE or the program counter is
changed as a result of an instruction, in this case the execution takes two
instruction cycles. For example:
movlw 37
goto next
next: movwf porta
The goto instruction takes two cycles (1 to get the value of label "next" and 1
to load that value into the program counter) This is useful as a two-cycle NOP,
and is often written as "goto .+1" to avoid the need for a label.
The W register is equivalent to the accumulator on other processors. Almost
all data movement, arithmetic, and logic operations use W.
Instructions that operate on W and a register (i.e., instructions ending in
"WF", like ADDWF and MOVWF) allow the result to be placed in either W or the
register (but not both). This is specified by a ",W" or ",F" after the
operand. The default is ",F", which will place the result in the register.
This can cause a lot of confusion if you're not careful, so I recommend
always specifying the destination explicitly. An example of a confusing
instruction:
incf foo,w ; w := foo+1 note that foo is unchanged!
If you want the result in both W and the register, you can use either:
incf foo,w
mowwf foo
or:
incf foo,f
movf foo,w
The stack is not accessible to the programmer in any way other than the
call and return instructions. There is no way to push or pull data, or even
to examine the stack pointer. On the 16C5x family the stack has only two
levels, so it is frequently necessary to write code in a different style than
would be used on a typical processor; you can only call subroutines from your
main code, or from a subroutine called from main, but no deeper. If you try
to make a 3rd CALL, the 2nd return address is over-written so that the return
from the 3rd CALL is OK but the return from the 2nd CALL ends up where the
1st CALL should return to.
The 16CXX parts which implement an 8 level stack do so in a circular fashion,
so that the 9th CALL over-writes the return address for the 1st CALL.
The 16C5x family doesn't have a normal return instruction; instead it has
RETLW, which stands for RETurn Literal Word. RETLW loads an eight bit
constant into W (just as a MOVLW instruction would), then returns from the
subroutine. This can be useful, but is aggravating if you want to return a
computed value. On the newer PIC families there is a normal RETURN
instruction.
With the exception of the 17Cxx family, there is no way for software to read
an arbitrary location of program memory. In order to implement lookup tables,
it is necessary to combine the use of the ADDWF and RETLW instructions. For
example, the following code implements a lookup table of the first four odd
prime numbers:
primes: addwf pcl
retlw 3
retlw 5
retlw 7
retlw 11
To use the table, load the appropriate index (in this case, 0 to 3) into W,
and "call primes". The addwf instruction adds the contents of W to the PC,
which has already been incremented to point to the "retlw 3". The table will
return with the value in W. The total time taken is 6 instruction cycles, or
24 oscillator cycles.
Note that while on most processors the use of an out-of-range index will
result in the use of incorrect data, but the program execution will continue
normally, on the PIC a bad index value will cause the execution of arbitrary
instructions!
i.e. the computed address must be in the top 1/2 of page.
Normally the index would range from 0 to the size of the table minus one,
but it is possible to use other ranges by putting the retlw instructions
somewhere other than immediately following the "addwf pcl". It is also
possible to implement tables using a "subwf pcl", or perhaps other
instructions with pcl as the destination.
The subtract instructions (SUBWF and SUBLW) work differently than most people
expect. SUBWF subtracts W *from* the contents of the register, and SUBLW
subtracts W *from* the literal. (SUBLW is not available on the 16C5x family.)
If you want to subtract a literal from W, it is easiest to use the ADDLW
instruction with the two 's complement of the literal. For example:
addlw 0feh ; w := w - 2
Some assemblers allow this to be written as:
addlw -2
There is no instruction to take the two 's complement of W (like the NEG
instruction on Motorola processors), but because of the way the subtract
instructions work you can use:
sublw 0
On the 16C5x family, the CALL instruction can only address the first 256 words
of a bank of program memory. It is common practice to use "call extenders",
which are simply GOTO instructions in the first 256 words with a target in
the last 256 words.
On the 16C57 and 16C58, if you plan to use indirect addressing (via the FSR
and IND registers), it is vitally important that your reset code clear FSR
before using any other RAM locations. Otherwise you may start up in an
arbitrary bank, and as soon as you change FSR all your carefully set up
variables will effectively disappear.
Contributed by Eric Smith <eric@goonsquad.spies.com>
URL http://www.spies.com/~eric/pic/
* *
5.1) Useful Code Snippets
5.101) ZERO THE 16C57 RAM
5.102) LONG CALL Macro
5.103) LONG GOTO Macro
5.104) DATA SWAP TRICK
5.105) MULTIPLE PRECISION ADDITION
* *
5.101) ZERO THE 16C57 RAM
; The following code was written by Andrew Warren and is
; copyright (C) 1992 by Fast Forward Engineering. Permission
; is hereby granted for any non-commercial use so long as
; this copyright notice is retained.
MOVLW PORTA ;PREPARE TO ZERO ALL REGISTERS EXCEPT
MOVWF FSR ;THE PROCESSOR STATUS, PC, RTCC, AND FSR
;REGISTERS.
CLRRAM MOVLW 00011111B ;ARE WE POINTING AT "USEFSR"?
ANDWF FSR,W ;
SKPNZ ;IF NOT, SKIP AHEAD.
BSF FSR,BIT4 ;OTHERWISE, SKIP OVER THE PROCESSOR
;STATUS, PC, RTCC, FSR, PORTA, PORTB,
;PORTC, AND THE GLOBALLY-ACCESSIBLE FILE
;REGISTERS.
CLRF USEFSR ;ZERO THE REGISTER AT WHICH WE'RE
;POINTING.
INCFSZ FSR ;HAVE WE DONE THEM ALL?
GOTO CLRRAM ;IF NOT, LOOP BACK AND ZERO ANOTHER.
; ALL FILE REGISTERS ARE ZEROED AND WE'RE IN DATA SEGMENT 0.
* *
5.102) LONG CALL macro
; The following code was written by Andrew Warren and is
; copyright (C) 1992 by Fast Forward Engineering. Permission
; is hereby granted for any non-commercial use so long as
; this copyright notice is retained.
; "Long Call" macro. Invoked by "XCALL any_address".
; Thanks to Chris Dalla for pointing out the need for the "+2" and
; "+1" sums in the last two lines of the macro.
XCALL MACRO LABEL
DATA 010010100000B+STATUS+256*((LABEL>>9)&00000001B)
DATA 010011000000B+STATUS+256*(LABEL>>10)
LIST W=1 ;For MPALC/PICALC, make this an "E=2".
CALL LABEL
LIST W=0 ;For MPALC/PICALC, make this an "E=1".
DATA 010010100000B+STATUS+256*((($+2)>>9)&00000001B)
DATA 010011000000B+STATUS+256*(($+1)>>10)
ENDM
* *
5.103) LONG GOTO Macro
; The following code was written by Andrew Warren and is
; copyright (C) 1992 by Fast Forward Engineering. Permission
; is hereby granted for any non-commercial use so long as
; this copyright notice is retained.
; "Long Goto" macro. Invoked by "XGOTO any_address".
XGOTO MACRO LABEL
DATA 010010100000B+STATUS+256*((LABEL>>9)&00000001B)
DATA 010011000000B+STATUS+256*(LABEL>>10)
LIST W=1 ;For MPALC/PICALC, make this an "E=2".
GOTO LABEL
LIST W=0 ;For MPALC/PICALC, make this an "E=1".
ENDM
* *
5.104) DATA SWAP TRICK
by: Mike Keitz <mkeitz@bev.net>
Swapping W with a File (RAM) register (PIC 16Cxx) Sometime you need to swap
the data in W with that in RAM, a port, or a special purpose register (i.e.
W<->F). This may appear to be easy with a few MOV instructions and a
temporary RAM location, but when you sit down to code it you'll see that
it'll take *two* temporary locations and 6 instructions to shuffle the data
around using only MOVs. So, like many things with a PIC program, an
unconventional technique can be really useful... like this:
XORWF file,w
XORWF file,f
XORWF file,w
Try it on paper until you're convinced it will work. Remember that XORing
the W+F+F leaves a result of the original value of W (the two xors with the
same data cancel out, so the final result is W xor 0 = W). The sequence
affects the Z flag, of course (one that had a MOVFW in it would as well), but
not in a particularly useful way.
This will work as-is with a port which is set for all output. The port will
be read 3 times, but written to only once during the second instruction. If
the port has some bits set for input, the result left in W for the input bits
is probably going to be wrong. (I'll leave it to you to analyze the
situations when it happens to be right) A correct read of the input bits can
be done with a conventional MOVFW after the routine is used to update the
output bits.
Understanding this, I now present the logical extension: swapping two file
registers. This is tremendously useful to indirectly index two data sets at
the same time (didn't think that was do-able, eh?)
First, a conventional solution is worth considering:
MOVFW FSR ;(the special purpose register)
MOVWF tmp ;(a temporary location)
MOVFW fsr2 ;(a location defined to hold the alternate index)
MOVWF FSR
MOVFW tmp
MOVWF fsr2
This is 6 instructions, and requires a temporary location. If RAM is scarce
in your design (and it probably is, since you want to indirectly index two
data sets at once), consider using the W<->F method above...
The obvious approach is to use the routine above three times, assuming
you wrote it as a macro:
swapwf FSR
swapwf fsr2
swapwf FSR
So this is 9 instructions, but W is not affected, and no temporary RAM is
required. If you can tolerate losing the value in W while swapping the
files, then this shorter version will also work:
MOVFW FSR
swapwf fsr2
MOVWF FSR
This is a total of only 5 instructions, 1 less than the conventional method.
Allocating a temporary location to store W during the swap would add 2 more.
Everything is a trade-off, I suppose.
* *
5.105) MULTIPLE PRECISION ADDITION
by: Mike Keitz <mkeitz@bev.net>
This trick concerns multiple precision addition (i.e. 16, 24, etc. numbers)
The ADDWF instruction adds two numbers, and sets the C flag if there is a
carry out. But there is no instruction that adds W+F+C to carry the carry
throught the higher bytes. There is an easy work-around for 16 bit numbers:
simply increment one of the numbers before adding if the C bit is set. This
is adequately detailed in the Microchip application notes, but I'll show it
here for reference:
add16 movfw datal ;Adds 16 bit number in datal and datah
addwf resultl,1 ;to resultl and resulth,
movfw datah ;leaving the result in resultl and resulth
;Following 3 instrs. are a primitive add with
;carry W+F+C -->F.
;C flag may not correctly represent
;carry out of W+F+C
skpnc ;If no carry...
incf resulth,1 ;If carry, add 1 to result.
addwf resulth,1 ;Done.
The problem with this technique is that it cannot be used for numbers larger
than 16 bits because the C flag will not be set properly at the conclusion
of the last 3 instructions. In particular, if resulth is FF and C is set
going in, C will be incorrectly clear at the conclusion of the operation.
(Don't you wish it was YOU and not your customer who was the first to try
that?) No big problem with the 16 bit add, the result will still be correct,
but the overflow won't be indicated.
The best way around this I could think of was to use this 4-instruction
sequence instead of the 3-instruction one above. I think there are other
4-instruction sequences that do essentially the same thing. Then a 24, 32,
etc. bit add can be carried out (pun intended?) by using this sequence for
the "middle" bytes. The faster skpnc/inc/add above can be used for the last
byte if having a proper carry out of the whole operation is not required.
; Add W to F with proper carry in and out.
skpnc
incfsz f,1
addwf f,0
movwf f
Although this has 2 conditional instructions, the execution time is always 4
cycles, if you're counting. (Another PIC rule of thumb: a skip instruction
and the one after it will always take 2 cycles, unless the instruction
possibly skipped is a goto or call)
* *
6) Attributions
Thanks are due to the following who have contributed to this documention.
Jory Bell <jory@mit.edu>
Don Lekei �.2623@compuserve.com>
Eric Smith <eric@goonsquad.spies.com>
Jeff Dague <jpdague@iastate.edu>
Steven M. Davidson <davidson@its.bldrdoc.gov>
Ian King <iek@arrc.salf.ac.uk>
kalam ? <asm@kalam.butterfly.com>
David B. Thomas <davidson@its.bldrdoc.gov>
Martin Vuille <martin.vuille@synapse.org>
Alasdair MacLean <alasdair@aifh.ed.ac.uk>
Andrew Tucker <ast@halcyon.com>
Nigel Ballard <Nigel@dataman.demon.co.uk>
Timothy McDonough <timmed@ns.cencom.net>
Len Umina <Umina@Kirk.mchip.com>
<Umina@World.std.com>
Hank Riley <h1riley@umassd.edu>
Siegfried Grob <siegfried.grob@student.uni-ulm.de>
Andrew M Errington <a.errington@lancaster.ac.uk>
Henri Schultze <henri@fscz-md.boerde.de>
Tom Mornini <tmornini@parallaxinc.com>
Lance Walley <lwalley@parallaxinc.com>
Christer Johansson <cj@aristotle.algonet.se>
Ed Meyer <Ed_Meyer@mindlink.bc.ca>
Simon Bridger <s.bridger@auckland.ac.nz>
Fernando Soares <Fernando.Manuel.Ramos.Soares@uninova.pt>
Chris Madden <maddenc@itd1.ul.ie>
NOTE: .......If your name should be here, apologies. Let me know !
* *
Disclaimer: Inclusion of any code samples in this document does NOT imply
any approval or guarantee as to the suitability of said samples for any
purpose whatsoever other than as a self-training aid. I.E. If it blows your
ICE, trashes your hard disc, wipes your backup, burns your building down or
just plain don't work, #### IT AIN'T MY FAULT #### In the event of judicial
ruling to the contrary, any liability shall be limited to the sum charged on
you by me for the aforementioned document OR nothing, whichever is the lower.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Except where otherwise stated, this document Copyright (c) 1994,95 by
T.A.Kellett, [T.A.K.DesignS Warrington UK ] all rights reserved.
This FAQ may be posted to any USENET newsgroup, on-line service, or BBS as
long as it is posted in its entirety including this copyright statement.
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without express permission from the author(s).
_______________________________________________________________________________
Tom Kellett < Tom@takdsign.demon.co.uk >
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~