One Transistor FM Radio Project

Build this one transistor FM radio


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NEWS

A printed circuit board for this circuit is available through FAR Circuits.  Ask them for "Andy Mitz's One transistor FM radio printed circuit board".

  

Introduction

AM radio circuits and kits abound.  Some work quite well.  But, look around and you will find virtually no FM radio kits.  Certainly, there are no simple FM radio kits.  The simple FM radio circuit got lost during the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors.  In the late 1950s and early 1960s there were several construction articles on building a simple superregenerative FM radio.  After exhaustive research into the early articles and some key assistance from a modern day guru in regenerative circuit design, I have developed this simple radio kit. It is a remarkable circuit.  It is sensitive, selective, and has enough audio drive for an earphone.  Read more about theory behind this radio on the low-tech FM page.

Construction

parts source

Except the the circuit board and battery, all parts are from Mouser Electronics.  A complete parts list with stock numbers is listed below. The circuit board is available through FAR Circuits.  The variable capacitor is available through Electronix Express.

layout

Because this is a superregenerative design, component layout can be very important.  The tuning capacitor, C3, has three leads.  Only the outer two leads are used; the middle lead of C3 is not connected.  Arrange L1 fairly close to C3, but keep it away from where your hand will be.  If your hand is too close to L1 while you tune the radio, it will make tuning very difficult.  

winding L1

L1 sets the frequency of the radio, acts as the antenna, and is the primary adjustment for super-regeneration.  Although it has many important jobs, it is easy to construct.  Get any cylindrical object that is just under 1/2 inch (13 mm) in diameter.  I used a thick pencil from my son's grade school class, but a magic marker or large drill bit work just fine.  #20 bare solid wire works the best, but any wire that holds its shape will do.  Wind 6 turns tightly, side-by-side, on the cylinder, then slip the wire off.  Spread the windings apart from each other so the whole coil is just under an inch (2.5 cm) long.  Find the midpoint and solder a small wire for C2 there.  Mount the ends of the wire on your circuit board keeping some clearance between the coil and the circuit board.  

a tuning knob for C3

C3 does not come with a knob and I have not found a source.  A knob is important to keep your hand away from the capacitor and coil when you tune in stations.  The solution is to use a #4 nylon screw.  Twist the nylon screw into the threads of the C3 tuning handle. The #4 screw is the wrong thread pitch and will jam (bind) in the threads. This is what you want to happen.  Tighten the screw just enough so it stays put as you tune the capacitor.  The resulting arrangement works quite well. 

Adjustment

If the radio is wired correctly, there are three possible things you can hear when you turn it on:  1) a radio station, 2) a rushing noise, 3) a squeal, and 4) nothing.  If you got a radio station, you are in good shape.  Use another FM radio to see where you are on the FM band.  You can change the tuning range of C3 by squeezing L1 or change C1.  If you hear a rushing noise, you will probably be able to tune in a station.  Try the tuning control and see what you get.  If you hear a squeal or hear nothing, then the circuit is oscillating too little or too much.  Try spreading or compressing L1. Double check your connections.  If you don't make any progress, then you need to change R4.  Replace R4 with a 20K or larger potentiometer (up to 50K).  A trimmer potentiometer is best. Adjust R4 until you can reliably tune in stations. Once the circuit is working, you can remove the potentiometer, measure its value, and replace it with a fixed resistor.  Some people might want to build the set from the start with a trimmer potentiometer in place (e.g., Mouser 569-72PM-25K).

Substituting other components

Many of the parts are fairly common and might already be in your junk box.  Only certain component values are critical.  The RF choke should be in the range of 20 to 30 uh, although values from15 to 40 uh might work.  The tuning capacitor value is not critical, but if you use values below 50 pf you should reduce or remove C1. The circuit is designed for the high impedance type earphone.  Normal earphones can be used, but the battery drain is much greater and the circuit must be changed.  To use normal earphones, change R3 to 180 ohms.  Q1 can be replace with any high-frequency N-channel JFET transistor, but only the 2N4416, 2N4416A, and J310 have been tested.  A MPF102 probably will not work. C2 is not too critical; any value from 18 to 27 pf will work. C7 is fairly critical.  You can use a .005 or .0047 uf, but don't change it much more than that.   

 

Schematic diagram

Click here for a nice PDF version of the schematic.

 

 

Printed circuit board

The printed circuit board for the One Transistor FM Radio is available through:

FAR CIRCUITS 
Printed Circuit Boards 
18N640 Field Court 
Dundee, Illinois 60118 
(847) 836-9148 Voice/Fax

email: farcir@ais.net

 

Some wiring notes:

Parts list

All parts except the RF tuning capacitor can be obtained from
Mouser Electronics
www.mouser.com 
sales@mouser.com
1-800-346-6873

The RF tuning capacitor can be obtained from
Electronix Express
electron@elexp.com
1-800-972-2225
In New Jersey 1-732-381-8020

Part designator Part description Vendor stock number
C1a,C1b 10 pf, 50 v, ceramic disc capacitor 140-50N5-100J
C2 22 pf, 50 v, ceramic disc capacitor 140-50N5-220J
C3 RF tuning capacitor  N14VCRF10-280P
C4 330 pf, 50 v, ceramic disc capacitor 140-50P2-331K
C5,C8 0.001 uf, 50 v, ceramic disc capacitor 140-50P2-102K
C6 0.22 uf, 50 v, film capacitor 140-PF1H224K
C7 0.0047 uf, 50 v, ceramic disc capacitor 140-50P5-472K
C9 22 uf, 16 v, electrolytic capacitor 140-XRL16V22
D1 TL431AIZ voltage control Zener (shunt regulator) 511-TL431AIZ
EPH1 High impedance earphone 25CR060
L2 22 uh RF choke 542-70F225
Q1 2N4416A JFET transistor 510-2N4416A
R1 470K, 1/4 w, resistor 291-470K
R2, R3 1K, 1/4 w, resistor 291-1K
R4 10K, 1/4 w, resistor 291-10K
R5 1M, 1/4 w, resistor 291-1M
R6 100 ohm, 1/4 w, resistor 291-100
S1 Small SPST switch 10SP003
screws for C3 screws for mounting C3 (2 needed) 48SS03
nylon screw #4 nylon screw used for tuning C3 561-T0440037
battery connector mini battery snap 12BC025

Note: schematic shows slightly different capacitor values. Either will work.

 

Please feel free to send me questions and comments at arm@gnode.org

 

 

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Last updated 1 November 2001

Andrew R. Mitz
arm@gnode.org
All circuits, text, photographs, and other graphics are copyright (c) 1998-2001 LTJ Designs.