Some interesting links that I have found:

Search Engines:

• Internet search from Netscape.
• Infoseek.
• AltaVista.
• AltaVista, text only.
• Yahoo.
• DejaNews. For searching Usenet newsgroups.
• Cade?. Buscas no Brasil.
• Inference Find. Returns well organized results from many sources.

Electrostatic Machines:

• Electrostatic Machines that I have built, and pictures and data about many other machines.
• Science Hobbist page. Includes some items about electrostatic machines.
• Steve's home page. Impressive pictures of Tesla coils, a sectorless Wimshurst machine, and Van de Graaff generators.
• Theater of Electricity, at the Museum of Science, Boston, USA. The first large Van de Graaff generator is there. Many good pictures and informations on-line.
• The Gemmary sells old scientific instruments and books. Many pictures of old instruments can be found in the site. There is also an interesting forum on old instruments.
• PV Scientific Instruments. Sells and builds electrostatic machines and other devices. Sells also reprints of old books.
• Electropolis. A museum in France devoted to electricity.
• Musee Virtuel du Service Patrimoine. Also in France. Some interesting pictures of unusual machines (including the machines of Armstrong and Carré, and a double Holtz machine) with descriptions. Some data about the builders is also available.
• Transylvania University Museum. Look for the quadruple Toepler-Holtz machine. There are also other machines and curious devices that work with static electricity (appears to be down).
• Museo per la Storia dell'Universita di Pavia. In Italy. Many electrostatic items, with excellent pictures.
• The Bakken Library and Museum. Toepler-Holtz and Nairne machines, and a Ramsden at other link.
• Museo de Fisica, Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas - U.N.L.P. In Argentina. Pictures and descriptions of two electrostatic machines, old Tesla coils, and other devices.
• The Electrostatics Society of America.
• Electrostatic Applications. Source for books about modern applications of electrostatics, and other informations.
• A century of radiology. Contains many interesting informations and pictures about the use of X rays soon after their discovery in 1895, with large pictures of the powerful influence machines used to excite the X ray tubes (appears to be down).
• Rod's Classic Antique Radios. Interesting old radios, and a Toepler-Holtz machine.
• Jeff's home page of high voltage. Plans for a small Van de Graaff generator, that the author sells.
• Teylers museum, in the Netherlands. Displays a huge electrostatic machine built by van Marum.
• An ancient japanese electrostatic generator, at the ITPT Communications Museum, in Tokyo.
• A Lord Kelvin's water machine , as a kit.
• Centro per la Conservazione i lo studio degli Strumenti Scientifici, at the University of Pisa, Italy. No electrostatic machines, but other devices and restoration techniques.
• Physics demonstrations, at the University of Virginia, USA. Good pictures. Wimshurst and Van de Graaff machines in the electrostatics section.
• A Wimshurst machine (b&w picture) demonstration at Virginia Tech, USA.
• Plans and pictures for two Wimshurst machines with unusual design.
• Museum of Science and Industry, in Chicago, USA. The largest Wimshurst machine ever built is on display there (not on-line).
• Smithsonian photographs online has pictures from a great double Ramsden machine in an "electric kiss" experiment, and from a friction machine used by Benjamin Franklin (identified as a "motor"...). In Washington, USA.
• Basic experiments with an improvised electrophorus, at the Exploratorium, in San Francisco, USA.
• Electrostatic demonstrations, at the Unversity of Rochester, USA. Contains several original demonstrations about present applications of electrostatics.
• Understanding science by using replications of historical instruments, At the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany. Describes some replicas of old instruments, including friction machines.
• Electrostatic Machines. Several relatively recent references. See also the references about related subjects. At the N. C. State University, USA.
• More references, at the University of Maryland, USA.
• Archives of the High Voltage List. Several discussions about Van de Graaff generators and some other devices.
• Gabinete de Física da Universidade de Coimbra. In Portugal. Shows several friction machines and many other instruments.
• R. A. Ford home page. With informations about his books and about electrostatic motors. Contains pictures of the Bonetti machine described in the book "Homemade Lightning".
• A dielectric machine (Carré machine), at the Williston Northampton School, USA. Interesting notebook pictures and other instruments too.
• A Wimshurst machine from Max Kohl (apparently) can be seen here. Mostra degli strumenti scientifici dell'ITC "G. Pezzullo", Cosenza, Italy.
• A double Bonetti machine and other devices, at the Museo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Madrid, Spain.
• A Simple electrostatic generator using a PVC tube.
• Plans for a Wimshurst machine, as described in the book The Boy Electrician (1920).
• A Bonetti machine and other devices, built by Chris Krah.
• Several small generators , designed by G. Shannon. (out?).
• Two friction generators made with PVC parts, an extensive discussion about Leyden jars, a forum, and some other devices. By Kelly H.
• A Bonetti machine (similar to the one described in [8]), built by Mike Slater.
• A Winter machine , with an excellent description. Other electrical instruments, including Holtz and Voss machines, with good descriptions, can be seen here. University of Urbino, Italy.
• Fondazione Guglielmo Marconi. Shows a big picture of an ancient Wimshurst machine, and many other instruments. In Italy.
• Another set of instructions about how to make a Wimshurst machine, with a rather radical disclaimer.
• Animation of the charging system of a Pelletron, at NEC.
• A Wehrsen machine (not a Wimshurst), at the University of Catania, Italy. Appears to be this machine.
• A somewhat idealized animation of a Wimshurst machine, at the University of Nantes, France.
• Several electrostatic machines are in the section about electricity of the Musee de la Science, by Daniel Giroux, in France.
• An excellent site, with description and plans for a Wimshurst machine, By François Bossert, In Strasbourg, France.
• A page describing Lorente's generator, in Spain.
• 1000000 Volts, by Lyonel Baum, in France. Shows a large Van de Graaff machine, the Van Marum machine, Marx generators, Tesla coils, and other high-voltage generators.
• Drawings of some machines.
• Resonance Research makes Van de Graaff generators and other devices.
• Make your own Van de Graaff generator. By Dan Stixrud.
• Description of a Wimshurst machine, built by Han van Gelderen (also shown in my pages). Contains many pictures and detailed construction details.
• Scientific and Antique. Shows many old instruments, including some electrostatic machines.
• Electroplile's Haven, shows Van de Graaff generators, a sectorless Wimshurst machine, and Tesla coils. By Grayson Dietrich.
• A Wimshurst machine, at Lehman Scientific.
• A Wimshurst machine, built by Eisco.
• A good description of the Van de Graaff generator, at the University of Kentucky, USA.
• Another description of the Van de Graaff generator.
• A good page about Van de Graaff generators, by Pete Miller.
• Several pictures of a quadruple Toepler-Holtz machine, by Adam Mohney.
• Museum of Radiology, at the University of Palermo, Italy. Shows a small picture of a multiple Toepler machine.
• Elektrizität durch Reibung. At the University of Kiel, Germany.
• O gerador eletrostático de Van de Graaff, by Luiz Ferraz Netto, in Brazil (Portuguese). A very complete site about the construction of Van de Graaff generators.

Other Sites About the History of Physics and Electricity:

• The Center for the History of Physics. Many links and other interesting materials.
• Telegraph's Lore. A site dedicated to the history of the telegraph.
• American Artifacts. Contains reproductions of old articles on electric devices used in medicine.
• A long text about Otto von Guericke.
• World of Wireless. This history of Radio.
• WWW Virtual Library History of Science, Technology & Medicine.
• United States early radio history, by Thomas H. White. Articles and extracts about the beginnings of radio.
• Faraday as A Discoverer, by John Tyndall.
• Landell de Moura, Brazilian pioneer of radio. Shows extensive material, patents, and links.

Other High-Voltage Devices:

• A Tesla coil simulator program that I wrote. Computes exact solutions for coupled resonator circuits.
• A text showing a set of formulas for the optimum design of a Tesla magnifier, that I derived.
• Description of an old Tesla coil system, at the UFRJ Engineering School.
• The Tesla Ring. A ring of sites about Tesla coils.
• Jochen's High Voltage Page. High voltage circuits using transformers, ignition coils, voltage multipliers, etc.
• Snock's High Voltage Page. Many high-voltage circuits and experiments with ignition coils, etc.
• High Voltage Association. Serious applications and a forum on high voltage.
• High Voltage Experimenter's Handbook, by Jim Lux. Many useful informations about high-voltage techniques.

Ancient History and Archaeology:

• The Tech Classics Archive (MIT). Many texts of Greek and Roman origin, from the Ancient Age.
• Medieval Sourcebook. Many texts from various origins, covering the Middle Age.
• Link to Ancient Rome. Many links and resources about Roman history.

Hexaflexagons:

• This was an old mania of mine. Here is some data about my findings, with a catalog of all the hexaflexagons up to order 10, and a program that designs any possible hexaflexagon.
• Magnus Enarsson flexagon page. Describes the the hexahexaflexagon.
• Hexaflexagons. Describes a trihexaflexagon and has templates to print and fold.
• Flexagons, by David King. The most complete site about the subject that I have found.
• A wooden trihexaflexagon.

On-line Book Stores:

• Book Stacks Unlimited. Where you can buy books in the WWW. There are many electronic books for free download.
• Amazon.com. Appears to have a very large number of books.
• Lindsay Publications. Reprints and hard-to-find technical books. And a rather curious site...

Dictionaries:

• Dicionário Universal da Língua Portuguesa. Portuguese dictionary (Portugal).
• WWWebster Dictionary. English dictionary.

Metalworking:

• Making balls by metal spinning, where I show how to make balls to use in electrostatic devices.
• A ball turning tool.
• Another ball turning tool.
• And another ball turning tool.
• A more solid ball turning tool.
• Lathe and Mill Setup Instructions, by Sherline.
• Metal spinning. Metalforming Online.
• Hand spinning. AMS.
• Metal spinning. JSN. Other techniques too.
• Spun toroids, By John Freau.

The War Against "Spam" on the Internet:

• Fight Spam on the Internet!. Do not simply delete "advertising" messages with false sender addresses.
• Blacklist of Internet Advertisers. Never have business with spammers.
• @spam. No Brasil também.
• Network Abuse Clearinghouse. Forwards your complaints automatically.

Last update: 8 August 1999
Developed and Maintained by Antonio Carlos M. de Queiroz